Rebuildable Atomizer

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New study confirms that chemicals in electronic cigarettes pose minimal health risk

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 8, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- E-cigarette users can breathe a little easier today. A study just released by Professor Igor Burstyn, Drexel University School of Public Health, confirms that chemicals in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) pose no health concern for users or bystanders. This is the first definitive study of e-cigarette chemistry, and finds that there are no health concerns based on generally accepted exposure limits.  

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20121001/DC84709LOGO)

E-cigarettes are devices that heat a nicotine solution to create an aerosol (called "vapor") that the user inhales, similar to smoking a cigarette. They are used as a low-risk substitute for smoking by millions of former smokers, and their increasing popularity seems to account for the current downward trend in smoking in the U.S. and some other countries. While experts agree that the risks posed by e-cigarettes are significantly less than those posed by smoking, there had been some debate about how much lower the risk was.  

By reviewing over 9,000 observations about the chemistry of the vapor and the liquid in e-cigarettes, Dr. Burstyn was able to determine that the levels of contaminants e-cigarette users are exposed to are insignificant, far below levels that would pose any health risk. Additionally, there is no health risk to bystanders. Proposals to ban e-cigarettes in places where smoking is banned have been based on concern there is a potential risk to bystanders, but the study shows there is no concern.

This was the first study funded by the by The Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives (CASAA) Research Fund. CASAA, the leading consumer advocacy group promoting the availability and use of low-risk alternatives to smoking, is an all-volunteer, donation-funded organization. CASAA President Elaine Keller said of the study, "Over the years, there have been a lot of small studies of e-cigarette liquid and vapor, but those studies were either ignored or misinterpreted. Those that showed even the slightest contamination were used for propaganda by those who object to e-cigarettes because they look like smoking. We realized that an expert review was needed to give an unbiased explanation of the available scientific evidence for our membership and policy makers. We reached out to our membership and they enthusiastically donated to make it possible."

CASAA Scientific Director, Carl V. Phillips, summarized the importance of the study, saying "It has always been clear that e-cigarettes were much lower risk than smoking, but there was uncertainty about whether continuing to inhale a mix of chemicals posed a measurable risk. Even those of us who have long encouraged smokers to switch are a bit surprised that even the worst-case-scenario risks are so low. This study assures us that e-cigarettes are as low risk as other smoke-free tobacco and nicotine products, like smokeless tobacco and NRT.  All of these products are about 99% less harmful than smoking, and so smokers who switch to them gain basically the same health benefits as if they quit tobacco and nicotine entirely."  

Dr. Phillips added that "there has been a call for 'regulatory science' by the FDA.  This is exactly the type of science that is needed to make good regulation and informed individual decisions: it summarizes all of the available knowledge and puts the numbers in a useful perspective."

The study did caution that e-cigarette users are inhaling substantial quantities of the main chemicals in e-cigarette liquid (propylene glycol and glycerin).  While these chemicals are not considered dangerous and the levels are far below occupational exposure limits, Dr. Burstyn did suggest ongoing monitoring to confirm that there is no risk.  The chemical contaminants are of even less concern.  While there have been many claims that formaldehyde, acrolein, nitrosamines, metals, and ethylene glycol found in e-cigarette vapor poses a health hazard, the study concluded that all of these have been found only at trivial levels that pose no health concern.

The study did not address the effects of nicotine because e-cigarette users are consuming it intentionally.  Nicotine, when it does not involve smoking, is very low risk and has not been clearly shown to cause any disease. However, like caffeine and other common indulgences, it may cause some tiny risk of heart attack and stroke, and so e-cigarettes, along with other tobacco and nicotine products, are probably not risk-free.  If there is any risk from nicotine, however, it is so low that it is similar to everyday hazards like drinking coffee or eating dessert, and is far less than the risk from smoking.

The study is available at http://publichealth.drexel.edu/SiteData/docs/ms08/f90349264250e603/ms08.pdf.

SOURCE Consumer Advocates for Smoke-free Alternatives Association

RELATED LINKS
http://www.casaa.org

Should e-cigarettes be regulated as a medicinal device?

There are more than 1 billion smokers worldwide. About half of individuals who continue smoking will die prematurely because of toxins in tobacco smoke. Over the past few years, smokers in economically developed countries have been showing growing interest in electronic cigarettes (ECs) that are designed to deliver nicotine without these toxins.

Initial reactions to ECs focused on potential risks. 1 Increasingly though, commentators are pointing out that there is little indication of harm, whereas ...

Bid to tax ecigs in Utah fails

A measure that would've taxed electronic cigarettes and nicotine candies and made their sale to people under the age of 19 a crime failed Monday in the Utah House.

Rep. Paul Ray, R-Clearfield, proposed HB372 and said it was aimed at preventing youth from using the candy-like cigarettes by making it a Class C misdemeanor for a tobacco shop to even permit a 19 year old to enter their store. It also would hike the tax on those products.

E-cigarettes are smokeless cigarettes that release a water vapor containing nicotine and a scent that simulates tobacco. Filters can be purchased to change the flavors from anything to apple and strawberry flavors.

But lawmakers who opposed the measure said higher taxes on the product wouldn't be a deterrent to youth using the product. The measure failed 29-44.

— David Montero

CDC Study Shows that Electronic Cigarette Use is Growing Among Smokers and Helping Some Smokers Quit, But Without any Increasing Appeal to Nonsmokers

According to a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there was a tremendous increase in electronic cigarette use among smokers from 2010 to 2011 along with a large increase in the proportion of former smokers who reported having used electronic cigarettes, but without any increase in use by never smokers, suggesting that these products show promise as part of a national strategy for smoking cessation and reduction.

The study reported that ever use of electronic cigarettes among smokers increased from 9.8% in 2010 to 21.2% in 2011. Ever use of electronic cigarettes among former smokers increased from 2.5% to 7.4%. Ever use among never smokers remained steady at 1.3%. 

In a press release accompanying the article, CDC Director Tom Frieden, MD, MPH, stated: "E-cigarette use is growing rapidly. There is still a lot we don’t know about these products, including whether they will decrease or increase use of traditional cigarettes."

Also in the press release, director of the Office on Smoking and Health at CDC - Dr. Tim McAfee - stated: "If large numbers of adult smokers become users of both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes — rather than using e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes completely — the net public health effect could be quite negative."

The Rest of the Story

Despite the CDC's concerns about the use of electronic cigarettes among youth to cigarette smoking initiation, there is no evidence that such a phenomenon is occurring. This study shows that despite the tremendous growth in awareness, publicity, and marketing of electronic cigarettes, there has been no recent increase in the ever use of these products among adult nonsmokers.

The study also demonstrates a tremendous increase in ever use of electronic cigarettes among smokers. Furthermore, it demonstrates that a large proportion of former smokers have used electronic cigarettes. This doesn't prove that they used the electronic cigarettes successfully to achieve cessation, but it is consistent with this hypothesis.

Combined, these results add further support to the evidence that electronic cigarettes are a promising strategy to enhance smoking cessation and smoking reduction.

Interestingly, despite what these results actually suggest, the CDC is presenting them in a most negative light. The CDC director emphasizes that we don't know whether the use of electronic cigarettes will increase or decrease the use of traditional cigarettes. However, there are only two ways electronic cigarettes could increase the use of traditional cigarettes: (1) if smokers who would otherwise have quit switch to electronic cigarette and tobacco cigarette dual use; or (2) if nonsmokers begin using electronic cigarettes and then initiate cigarette smoking.

There is absolutely no evidence that #2 is occurring. Electronic cigarettes are not popular among youth nonsmokers and in prior surveys, it has been difficult to identify even a single youth nonsmoker who uses electronic cigarettes.

There is also no evidence that #1 is occurring. Most electronic cigarette users are attracted to these products because they want to cut down or quit smoking but have failed to do so using other available smoking cessation products, like drugs. It is unlikely that these smokers would have quit smoking completely had it not been for electronic cigarettes.

The director of the Office on Smoking and Health is incorrect in stating that: "If large numbers of adult smokers become users of both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes — rather than using e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes completely — the net public health effect could be quite negative."

Actually, the net public health effect could only be negative if large numbers of adult smokers who would otherwise have quit smoking completely become dual users of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. If large numbers of adult smokers who would not have quit smoking completely reduce their cigarette consumption by substituting electronic cigarettes for some of their tobacco cigarettes, then the net effect on public health will be massively positive, as there would be a substantial decline in cigarette consumption.

E-Cigarettes May Help Reduce Tobacco Smoking

Electronic cigarettes are becoming more widely used by people to either help them quit smoking, or reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day, researchers from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, reported in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.


Electronic cigarettes are also known as e-cigarettes or ENDS (electronic nicotine delivery systems).

E-cigarettes started off in China in 2003, and rapidly spread around the world in popularity, mainly through the internet, and more recently through shops as well. While they are similar in appearance to tobacco cigarettes, the user consumes fewer toxins in the form of vapor.

Even though e-cigarettes are known to be much less harmful for health than tobacco smoking products, nobody knows what their long-term health and addiction consequences might be. Electronic nicotine delivery systems have various levels of nicotine.

There is some concern e-cigarettes may appeal to non-smokers, cause addiction, and possibly become an indirect route to tobacco cigarettes. Even so, most people agree that if e-cigarettes are much less harmful than traditional cigarettes, it seems illogical to ban e-cigarettes (especially as tobacco products are legal).

Electronic cigarettes are banned in Australia and Canada.

Investigators in the United Kingdom, the USA, Canada and Australia examined e-cigarette awareness, usage and perceptions among current and ex-smokers.

Lead researcher, Richard J. O'Connor, PhD, Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, said:

"We were not aware of any studies to date that examined cross-national patterns of ENDS use. No studies have examined use in markets where ENDS are nominally banned."

The authors gathered and examined data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey. Nearly 6,000 people responded via telephone or online surveys from July 2010 to the end of June 2011.

The investigators found that:

• E-cigarette awareness ranged from 73% in the USA to 20% in Australia. E-cigarettes are banned in the Australia and legal in the USA


• Awareness was greatest among people aged from 18 to 24 years, non-minority populations, and people with higher incomes


• More than 70% of respondents said that e-cigarettes are less harmful than tobacco cigarettes


• 16% of respondent had tried e-cigarettes


• More Americans perceived e-cigarettes as harmful than British people

Current e-cigarette users include people who do not smoke tobacco every day, as well as those who smoke more than a pack a day. Nearly four-fifths of respondents said they used e-cigarettes because they believed them to be less harmful that smoking tobacco cigarettes.

75% said e-cigarettes helped them smoke fewer tobacco cigarettes.

85% said they used e-cigarettes to help them give up smoking.

Nearly three-quarters of respondents said they used e-cigarettes to get their nicotine in places where tobacco smoking was not allowed. This suggests that the products are being used to satisfy nicotine addiction during moments of temporary abstinence.

A high percentage of people in countries where ENDS are banned are aware of the products, suggesting that the internet is promoting the product effectively.

Dr. O'Connor said:

"This study represents a snapshot in time of the use of ENDS from mid-2010 to mid-2011. As the market evolves, awareness, trial, and use of ENDS is likely to increase. Should regulatory authorities approve direct claims about reduced harm, one might expect greater adoption of these products, at least among current cigarette smokers.

If credible evidence can be provided to regulators, through independently researched, well-controlled studies, that ENDS reduces the number of cigarette smokers and does not attract use among nonsmokers, then the net public health effect is likely to be positive."

Scientists from the University of Athens, Greece, reported that e-cigarettes do harm the lungs.

About e-cigarettes

Electronic cigarettes are long tube-like devices that look like traditional cigarettes, some of them resemble ballpoint pens. Most have replaceable cartridges, while others are throwaway ones.

The device is placed between the lips and is sucked. The sucking action activates a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution. This vapor is inhaled.

The action is very similar to that used when smoking a traditional tobacco cigarette, making it very easy for smokers and ex-smokers to learn to use.

Hon Lik, a Chinese pharmacist, is widely quoted as being the inventor of the first generation electronic cigarette in 2000. Herbert A. Gilbert, in 1963, patented a device described as "a smokeless non-tobacco cigarette which replaces burning tobacco and paper with heated, moist, flavored air".

Are e-cigarettes harmful? German researchers are trying to find out.

Written by Christian Nordqvist 
Copyright: Medical News Today 

‘Vapers’ call on Brussels to keep hands off e-cigarettes

ELECTRONIC cigarette smokers have called for the EU to drop plans to regulate their new habit.

An online community of former smokers who use e-cigs, electronic devices that release a liquid vapour containing nicotine, have petitioned MEPs for support.

The group want “vaping” to be distinguished from the tobacco industry.

Shane Dowling, a vaper from from Newmarket-on-Fergus, Co Clare, said: “We’ve been studying a proposed EU tobacco directive and giving feedback to the HSE.

“We see e-cigs as a safer alternative to tobacco. We are worried that EU legislation will reduce nicotine in these products and if that happens they might not work so well.”

Last month, the European Commission published a proposal for a new EU Tobacco Products Directive which recommends that nicotinecontaining products, such as electronic cigarettes, be allowed only if they are below stipulated nicotine threshold and carry a health warning.